Achievable Rates for Shaped Bit-Metric Decoding

A new achievable rate for bit-metric decoding (BMD) is derived using random coding arguments. The rate expression can be evaluated for any input distribution, and in particular the bit-levels of binary input labels can be stochastically dependent. Probabilistic shaping with dependent bit-levels (shaped BMD), shaping of independent bit-levels (bit-shaped BMD) and uniformly distributed independent bit-levels (uniform BMD) are evaluated on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with Gray labeled bipolar amplitude shift keying (ASK). For 32-ASK at a rate of 3.8 bits/channel use, the gap to 32-ASK capacity is 0.008 dB for shaped BMD, 0.46 dB for bit-shaped BMD, and 1.42 dB for uniform BMD. These numerical results illustrate that dependence between the bit-levels is beneficial on the AWGN channel. The relation to the LM rate and the generalized mutual information (GMI) is discussed. Index Terms probabilistic shaping, bit-metric decoding, bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), achievable rate, amplitude shift keying (ASK), binary labeling